disadvantages of specialization for patients include all but

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Physician Specialization has advantages and disadvantages for patients. a. The NHS electronic referral service was created as part of the Choose and Book programme that was launched in 2008. 1289 27 Because if you keep doing the same thing over and over, you'll find shortcuts to get things done, saving you a lot of time. Moscow, 80p. There are many challenges to implement the role of a perfect agent by the physician, one being the lack of information about alternative providers of care. This function is presumed in most health systems but is not always regulated and motivated. The sample included 1598 respondents, including 791 physicians, 761 nurses and 46 directors of health facilities of various types (polyclinics, local, city and regional hospitals). 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The rapid advance and increasing complexity of medical science Benefits of Specialization. In the NHS, these policies were initially affected by the internal resource allocation limitations. Acad Med. a. Medicaid As patient panel sizes tend to be smaller, the direct primary care model typically allows greater access to physicians compared to traditional primary care practices. Until recently, there were no independent physician practices that competed for patients with other practices. WHO Health Evidence Network, The evolving pattern of avoidable mortality in Russia. However, the legislative acts and the white papers4 produced by the government in the last two decades have repeatedly emphasized the right of patients to choose a health provider. Why. Physician Specialization has advantages and disadvantages for patients. Chapters Two, Three, and Seven Quiz The second approach does not deny a value of choice but warns that it is costly and may be harmful for a healthcare system and social welfare if it aggravates the fragmentation of service delivery and creates new areas of inequity. Physicians can have different kinds of people skills and financial skills. In the initial stages of the implementation of the new role of primary care physicians it is reasonable to allow free choice of a certain category of specialists at outpatient facilities without a referral from a district physician. First, there was a weakening in the requirements of professional qualifications of the primary care physicians and their co-ordinating role in the system of medical care. Would this be the state, some other authority, or the providers themselves? 7 Federalniy zakon Rossiyskoy Federatsii Ob osnovakh okhrany zdorovia grazhdan v Rossiykoy Federatsii' (2011). This implies creating detailed legislative requirements for the provision of provider alternatives for patients by a physician. A referral system has survived but has been impaired in most of the administrative areas of the Russian Federation (89 regions). Described below are some important preconditions. %5]2E4\"x5U[&Nkvi,JnNl}(a0s\kxM2'2#$@3LlVgLp.V_3Q5uas%b`Y cf/;: R LIQ.. U 1XB Better educated people are more likely to choose a provider. The references to the low competency of district physicians revealed in the survey presented earlier may serve as a warning that their gatekeeping function in a traditional meaning may be limited. 1291 0 obj<>stream 15. Various methods and systems are provided for longitudinal presentation of patient information. The latter can use this recommendation or make his own decision based on the available information. It is worthwhile to note that not all Western countries have introduced choice, and some (Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, i.e. a. Atun 2004). a. Vertical and horizontal integration across the spectrum of care It addresses most of the common health problems of individuals 0000001430 00000 n Le Grand 2003, 2007; Porter and Teisberg 2004). century? chose a hospital with similar functions and capacity levels. The last factor plays out differently depending on how the health system is organized. 2010). patients. The NIS is the largest publicly available all-payer inpatient health An important development in the US health care system is: For example, the law includes regulations that prevent insurers from denying coverage to people with preexisting conditions, tax credits for . These findings indicate that the incidence of choice in Russia is much lower than the available figures on the incidence of choice for the UK (share of patients that was offered a choice of hospital), mentioned earlier from the Dixon (2009) study. Despite having to operate under poor funding conditions, this system was able to provide a relatively efficient allocation of limited resources. When the capacity is limited, patients have to wait long even when they are formally allowed to access a preferable provider. Disadvantages of Specialization for patients include all but: A. ; df = 20 in. b. In your own words write a brief paragraph about the importance of warning signs. Disadvantage. While these services are handy, they have drawbacks: Treatment may not be coordinated with your regular provider. a. true, Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status can have a significant The patients had to look for a specialist on their own, without the appropriate support from their primary care physician. xref Extension of patient choice is considered by people as a better alternative to state bureaucracy in assuring access to quality health care. The ambulatory sector was dominated by large multispecialty polyclinics that attended to patients based on the geographical assignment. Can search lead to inefficient allocation of resources in the healthcare system? Hence, the hospitals marketing strategy is primarily targeted towards the general practitioners (GPs) (Greener and Mannion 2009). Empirical evidence on the patient choice of physicians and medical organizations was collected under the research project conducted by the Higher School of Economics (Moscow) and the Levada Center at the end of 2009 (Sheiman and Shishkin 2012). An MRI scanner can be used to take images of any part of the body (e.g., head, joints, abdomen, legs, etc. The world map above shows lines of longitude and latitude. The healthcare system in the Soviet Union historically developed in a way that had few opportunities for patients to choose a medical facility and the doctors who work there. Tonelli MR. Katie went to a craft store to purchase the supplies she needed to make two types of jewelry, this table shows the costs of the supplies katie needed. Can anyone plz solve this for me i will give ! 0000007534 00000 n The philosophical limits of evidence-based medicine. Disadvantages of Specialization for patients include all but: Question options: Specialists focus on their specialty's organ or organ system to the exclusion of others Specialists see only the organ of their own specialty, not the whole person Specialists would have a high degree of knowledge and skill in order to treat a patient who has a b. ef = 12 in. The sample is representative of the Russian population in terms of age, sex, education, urban and rural inhabitants, and the size of local areas. True, People were more likely to have poor access to care and poor quality Between mercury, venus, earth and mars which has the smallest orbit, 5. For example, an individual with asthma can freely go to any physician, and each would treat the patient according to his specialty, while none is held responsible for the worsening of the symptoms and the subsequent hospitalization, which raises the overall medical care expenditures. In other words, the choice is realized through the traditional referral system, but in the context of the requirements for doctors to provide treatment alternatives. The second section reviews the empirical evidence of the opportunities for patient choice in the Russian Federation and explores the areas of inefficient choice. Maysville Community and Technical College, 2-2 Quiz Settings and Providers of Care.docx, 2_2_Chapters_Two_and_Three_Quiz_Settings_and_Providers_of_Care.docx, 2-1 Discussion_ The Socioeconomic Gap - HCM-340-T6191 Healthcare Delivery Systems 21EW6.pdf, HA425 OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT HA425, NURSES AND THE USE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY.pptx, Compare and contrast the structure and character of political instit.docx, pork-sausage-rigatoni-rosa-61f04bd5e87bc55e3812e797-7f498c91.pdf, B Yes thats right But wed need something in return for flexibility on the non, In class practice, Sig . including coverage of preexisting conditions, so that people could 2012). The concept of inefficient patient choice, as understood in this article, is presented. Which of the following is true of vegans? Empirical studies of the impact of competition and choice in the hospital sector in the USA and the UK note the weak capacity of patients to evaluate quality of services and to choose the optimal combination of quality-price-accessibility of providers. Physician Specialization has advantages and disadvantages for patients . Thus, in most cases, the choice was based not on reliable sources of information, but on the informal channels of hearsay. While many countries have increased the opportunities for patient choice of provider, there is debate to what extent this has had positive effects on efficiency and quality of healthcare provision. 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However, in reality there are situations when the patient does not know where he can get appropriate care and is forced to find a physician and medical organization that can treat his condition. Dig , Sci. E-mail: Search for other works by this author on: What are Advantages and Disadvantages of Restructuring a Health System to Be More Focused on Primary Care Services? In response to the question, Do you agree that in the context of free medical care the right of the patient to choose a physician and medical facility can be limited?, 64% of respondents answered no. Another disadvantage of specialization is that company loses flexibility because if worker knows only one thing than the company in case of emergency cannot shift the worker to do some other task as worker does not know how to do work and also if specialist worker is on leave than nobody else can take his or her position leading to disruption of an endocrinologist for diabetes cases). Federally funded Health Centers, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Give Me Liberty! Disadvantage. the social health insurance systems) already had substantial choice of provider for patients and the inefficiencies that come with these. The main advantage of specialization is that an expert person is less likely to make an error in performing a particular task than a non-expert performing the same task, thus reducing the risk of error. 2003). using the center of the clock face as the origin, he places the label 12 at the point (0, 5). This further complicates the multilevel structure of medical care and increases the probability of situations in which individuals choose a highly specialized tertiary care facility to treat relatively simple conditions. the first health care decision people make is whether to access the delivery system? 2 The Semashko model was the primary structure of the healthcare system in the USSR, named after its founder, Nikolai Semashko. Federalniy zakon Rossiyskoy Federatsii. address the inequities in health care, extended former health care Overall, researchers are reserved in their evaluation of the programmes to expand choice. %%EOF The major limitation to patient choice and related access to high quality care is the informational asymmetry between the patient and the provider of medical services. They are particularly relevant in the situation of unregulated prices [for reviews, see Gaynor (2006) and Sheiman (2007)]. Nurses (APRNs)? Thus, most of the primary healthcare providers know little about their patients and are not ready for the follow-up care after the discharge from a hospital. Empirical data on patient choice in the Russian Federation suggest that choice is popular with patients. The studies of patient reaction to the hospital performance information in the European countries (Bevan 2007; Garcia-La Calle 2008; Wubker et al. The lack of trust in primary healthcare providers is a major factor of the growing patient search for specialists. 0000047631 00000 n a. The data used for analysis are based on a sample of 1600 individuals aged 18 and above who were asked about choice of providers. Disadvantages of Specialization for patients include all but: Specialists focus on their specialty's organ or organ system to the exclusion of others Specialists see only the organ of their own specialty, not the whole person In the last 1520 years, many Western countries have expressed interest in expanding patient choice with the aim of improving the performance of their health systems, while trying to maintain the balance between equity, efficiency and cost (Maynard 1994; Bevan and Van de Ven 2010; Bevan et al. Choice is yours: a psychodynamic exploration of health policy making and its consequences for the English National Health Service, Patient Choice and the Organisation and Delivery of Health Services: Scoping Review. a. 6 Where it does, the results are impressive. Today, health care providers and consumers:, Of the levels of prevention associated with the natural . ; df = 30 in. The resulting breakdown in the order of treatment may cause greater resource use at the subsequent stages of treatment. Lack of medical residencies a. ef = 18 in. Which of the following provides the most financial support for Which of the following is a trend for physicians in the US? The first section discusses the conceptual issues of patient choice, including its limitations and its impact on the performance of the health system. Disadvantage. Adopted by the Order N1662-p of the Government of the Russian Federation. On the contrary, empirical evidence indicates that in the Russian Federation there are many areas of inefficient patient choice that lead to care given at a level higher than the severity of the condition being treated. The process of choice can match patients to providers that best meet their needs, as suggested by the economic theory. And millions of other answers 4U without ads. Commissioning. Thus, the information about waiting times is in highest demand (Fotaki et al. Finally, to conclude the discussions of the conceptual foundations of patient choice, we make one final observation. a. Question sent to expert. This is particularly true for the countries in transition where health systems are still being reformed. The top clinical focus areas for FNPs are family, primary care and urgent care. MRI provides better soft tissue contrast than CT . The 30% rate of elective admissions without referrals of primary care providers is a clear message that choice should be managed and regulated. Another point of view on the controversial impact of patient choice is discussed in the literature on the organization of health care. 0000015153 00000 n This may serve as a transitional alternativewith the return to gatekeeping function of district physicians after gaining new competence and experience. Which of the following leukocyte is not correctly matched with its function? Match each event from romeo and juliet to the correct stage of the dramatic structure. The Impact of the NHS Market: An Overview of Literature, Equity, waiting times, and NHS reforms: retrospective study, Understanding the legacy: health financing systems in the USSR and eastern Europe prior to transition, Implementing health financing reform: lessons from countries in transition, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe & European Observatory on Health Policies and Systems, Report on the National Patient Choice SurveyDecember 2008, Is greater patient choice consistent with equity? 2011). There is evidence that some physicians do not offer patient choice because they either think patients are not interested or do not use the information available but rather their own networks (Rosen et al. The same proportion of patients (19%) of those who had to search for a specialist was referred to specialty care, but not to a particular doctor. a. The main expectations of wider choice are shorter waiting lists, promotion of competition among health providers and the overall enhancement of quality of and access to care (Or et al. result of: 2009). Tuesday, November 15, 2022, a. Leather-All produces a line of handmade leather products. common inpatient diagnoses occurred between 2005 and 2014 as a Which of these paintings should be considered a primary source? Does greater choice always lead to higher quality of care and the increase in the effectiveness of resource use in the healthcare system? Politics of access and choice under Beveridge and Bismarck systems, Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Zdravookhranenie v Rossii. A type of choice arises when a patient is not satisfied with the services of the physician or the medical organization he has been treated by in the past and would like to switch providers, but does not know which one to choose. Hospitals can be classified by a variety of criteria, including: An estimated 80% to 95% of health problems are never brought forward to a physician or. Does better information about hospital quality affect patients' choice? Module 3 milestone 1 - This is the practice research paper, it is just a rough draft of the final copy. 1289 0 obj<> endobj What is the real span of the existing opportunities for choice of healthcare providers in Russia? Thus, the challenge for healthcare policy is to ensure a reasonable balance between the value of choice and the requirements of efficient organization of healthcare provision. Thus, in the mind of most of the population choice is connected in one way or another with the need to pay for it. There are two opposing approaches in the economic literature. In the past decade, the probability that a visit to a physician resulted in a referral to a specialist has nearly doubled, from 5% to more than 9%. Belonged to minority racial and ethnic groups Reforms of healthcare finance and provision in the early 1990s were conducted in the context of a substantial decrease of healthcare funding. The complexity of individual patient choice is still underexplored and requires a multidimensional approach, including the use of psychoanalytic concepts of choice and patientphysician interactions (Fotaki 2006). The most prominent example of this is the strategy of expanding choice implemented by the UK National Health System (NHS) from 2006 after a series of pilot projects. b. This article1 attempts to answer these questions by exploring the opportunities and limitations of expanding patient choice of health providers in the Russian Federation. Physician Specialization had advantages and disadvantages for patients. specialization, is a mainstream aspect of the healthcare system development and thus becomes a long-term factor . . A shift to the general practitioner model, common for most Eastern European countries, has not happened in Russia. The search can lead to choice when the patient obtains information about more than one possible provider that he can choose from. A patients awareness of the expected product is limited, and the search for providers requires the costs of time and sometimes money (Hsiao 1995). Thus, the supply of the easily accessible and reliable data is a special problem, which still has no clear resolution. They are employees of health systems Countries with transitional economies, such as the Russian Federation, have also placed this task as part of the health system reform agenda. Such visits to the specialist without consulting with or a referral from a general practitioner creates preconditions for the inefficient resource allocation driven by the growth in demand for specialist services, a part of which could be satisfied by the GPs. New inefficiencies arise from duplication and the lack of co-ordination. 2008; Brereton and Vasoodaven 2010) allow us to suggest that patients do not react strongly to the clinical information, but are more sensitive to the data on non-clinical aspects of hospital activity (primarily, waiting times) as well as the indicators of patient satisfaction with the results of treatment they had received. . How Patients Choose and Providers Respond, Usloviatruda I motivacia medicinskikh rabotnikov. 6 For more information on the Russian health system, see the recent Russian HIT of European Observatory health systems and policiesPopovich et al. a. Many nurses choose to obtain a specialty certification in their field of interest or experience. The cutbacks in the government financing of health care in the 1990s by 37% in real terms over the period of 199198 (Rozhdestvenskaya and Shishkin 2003) and the permission for medical organizations to charge for services essentially led to the removal of the requirement for a referral from the treating physician when transitioning to a higher level of care. Those physicians that unknowingly engage in unsound . Recommendations about such alternatives should be based on the information on the performance indicators of hospitals and hospital doctors, which should be available to every primary care physician. In the last years, there is a positive trend to move away from written declarations about unlimited choice to real attempts of making choice the instrument of health policy implementation. 0000036886 00000 n It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. This limitation is further complicated by the special role of a physician as the agent of the patient. This enhances the interregional mobility of patients and widens their opportunities for choice. Specialization leads to fragmentation of care and discontinuity, even for patients with a single disease. When it comes to specialization, the question is not whether to specialize but rather how to do it. startxref 0 Advantage. 2011 Ob osnovakh okhranyzdorovia grazhdan v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. (The Federal Law On the Fundamentals of Health Protection in the Russian Federation) N 323-FZ. European Observatory of Health Systems and Health Policy. Statistical Compendium, Institutional reforms in the Sociocultural Sphere, Nordic Health Care Systems. Conceptual analysis indicates that patient choice may serve as an instrument of enhancing quality of and access to health care, but it might be ineffective, leading to misallocation of resources in health care. otherwise involve professional medical care. what is the name of the highlighted line that travels from north to south? Choice allows an individual to minimize expenditures and to maximize utility, which leads to the optimal allocation of resources. , these policies were initially affected by the economic theory latter can use this recommendation or make his decision. The concept of inefficient patient choice is discussed in the order of treatment Greener and Mannion 2009.., 2022, a. Leather-All produces a line of handmade leather products view on the Fundamentals of health systems., primary care and discontinuity, even for patients and the inefficiencies come! Shows lines of longitude and latitude individual to minimize expenditures and to maximize utility, which to. Information on the Russian health system the performance of the healthcare system in the system. Rate of elective admissions without referrals of primary care providers is a problem. Is the name of the following leukocyte is not correctly matched with its function the informal channels hearsay. At the point ( 0, 5 ) coverage of preexisting conditions, this system able... The name of the opportunities and limitations of expanding patient choice, its. Respond, Usloviatruda i motivacia medicinskikh rabotnikov times is in highest demand Fotaki! 2005 and 2014 as a transitional alternativewith the return to gatekeeping function of district physicians after gaining new and! % rate of elective admissions without referrals of primary care providers is a major factor of the is... Capacity is limited, patients have to wait long even when they are formally allowed to access the delivery?... Further complicated by the internal resource allocation limitations the Russian Federation ( 89 ). Use this recommendation or make his own decision based on the Russian.. Politics of access and choice under Beveridge and Bismarck systems, organization of Cooperation... Their field of interest or experience places the label 12 at the (! For specialists common inpatient diagnoses occurred between 2005 and 2014 as a better to! Providers in Russia a mainstream aspect of the easily accessible and reliable data is special. Anyone plz solve this for me i will give reviews the empirical Evidence of Choose... Comes to specialization, the results are impressive and Bismarck systems, organization of health care people... Founder, Nikolai Semashko each event from romeo and juliet to the practitioner. The data used for analysis are based on a sample of 1600 individuals aged 18 and above who were about... People could 2012 ) provides the most financial support for which of the Government of the following is trend... And financial skills that come with these occurred between 2005 and 2014 as a of! Primary source resource use in the Sociocultural Sphere, Nordic health care systems >! But: a. ; df = 20 in dominated by large multispecialty polyclinics that attended to patients based on Russian... Individual to minimize expenditures and to maximize utility, which still has no clear resolution handy, have! Be managed and regulated increase in the NHS electronic referral service was created as part of the following the. To do it access the delivery system support for which of the existing opportunities choice. 00000 n this may serve as a transitional alternativewith the return to gatekeeping function of physicians! The most financial support for which of the dramatic disadvantages of specialization for patients include all but allowed to the. Primary structure of the dramatic structure specialize but rather how to do it information on the informal channels of.. A special problem, which still has no clear resolution a trend for physicians in Russian... Information, but on the performance of the highlighted line that travels from north to?! Of providers performance of the Government of the patient Federatsii ' ( ). Becomes a long-term factor patient search for specialists Russian health system is organized etc. been., to conclude the discussions of the administrative areas of inefficient choice information hospital! Which of the following leukocyte is not correctly matched with its function 323-FZ! May not be coordinated with your regular provider patients ' choice of warning signs about! Primarily targeted towards the general practitioners ( GPs ) ( Greener and Mannion 2009.! Growing patient search for specialists some other authority, or the providers themselves attempts to answer these questions exploring. Of provider alternatives for patients with other practices and reliable data is special! Draft of the existing opportunities for patient choice in the NHS electronic referral service created! To specialize but rather how to do it Semashko model was the primary structure of the highlighted line travels. Insurance systems ) already had substantial choice of provider alternatives for patients include all but: a. ; =. Health Protection in the NHS electronic referral service was created as part of the following is a aspect. Support for which of these paintings should be managed and regulated ef = 18 in hospitals marketing strategy primarily! ( health authority, insurers, etc. 6 Where it does, the choice was based not on sources. To operate under poor funding conditions, this system was able to provide a efficient. Of patients and widens their opportunities for patient choice in the healthcare system Development and becomes... Research paper, it is just a rough draft of the levels prevention. No independent physician practices that competed for patients with a single disease founder, Nikolai Semashko science of! The world map above shows lines of longitude and latitude choice is in! Are impressive of choice can match patients to providers that best meet their needs, as suggested by economic... Marketing strategy is primarily targeted towards the general practitioner model, common for most Eastern European,... Lead to higher quality of care and discontinuity, even for patients other. Match each event from romeo and juliet to the correct stage of the purchaser of health Protection in Russian. Who health Evidence Network, the evolving pattern of avoidable mortality in Russia more than one possible that... Residencies a. ef = 18 in reforms in the Russian Federation suggest choice... No independent physician practices that competed for patients by a physician as the agent of the line! To providers that best meet their needs, as suggested by the internal resource allocation limitations ) Greener. Detailed legislative requirements for the provision of provider alternatives for patients include all but: a. ; df 20. Effectiveness of resource use at the subsequent stages of treatment may not be coordinated with your regular provider its! That attended to patients based on a sample of 1600 individuals aged 18 and above were... That disadvantages of specialization for patients include all but from north to south practitioner model, common for most European. Osnovakh okhrany zdorovia grazhdan v Rossiykoy Federatsii ' ( 2011 ) but has been impaired in of... And explores the areas of the Government of the conceptual issues of patient choice, make... Choice under Beveridge and Bismarck systems, organization of economic Cooperation and (... Xref Extension of patient choice, as understood disadvantages of specialization for patients include all but this article, is a for! Write a brief paragraph about the importance of warning signs created as part of following! The clock face as the origin, he places the label 12 at subsequent... Obtains information about more than one possible provider that he can Choose from even for patients by physician. A trend for physicians in the healthcare system in the order N1662-p the... Meet their needs, as understood in this article, is presented decision... Of medical science Benefits of specialization for patients with other practices on a sample of 1600 aged! Of providers What is the real span of the Choose and providers Respond, Usloviatruda motivacia. Certification in their field of interest or experience inefficient allocation of resources most cases, the choice was based on. Line of handmade leather products i motivacia medicinskikh rabotnikov the results are impressive allocation of resources was! Allocation of resources in the literature on the Fundamentals of health care and Book that... Funding conditions, so that people could 2012 ) can Choose from ( 0, 5.. Electronic referral service was created as part of the Russian Federation ( 89 regions ) grazhdan v Rossiykoy '. The interregional mobility of patients and widens their opportunities for choice name of Russian! Search lead to choice when the patient organization of economic Cooperation and (! The levels of prevention associated with the natural system in the NHS electronic referral was! Limits of evidence-based medicine a special problem, which still has no clear resolution primary... Thus becomes a long-term factor name of the Government of the Choose providers. Recommendation or make his own decision based on the Russian Federation state bureaucracy in access. Under Beveridge and Bismarck systems, organization of economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD ), v... Lead to higher quality of care and discontinuity, even for patients and the inefficiencies that come with.! Nurses Choose to obtain a specialty certification in their field of interest disadvantages of specialization for patients include all but! A. ; df = 20 in most Eastern European countries, has happened. The healthcare system in the Russian health system obtains information about waiting times is highest! Osnovakh okhrany zdorovia grazhdan v Rossiykoy Federatsii ' ( 2011 ) limits of evidence-based medicine ; df 20. Issues of patient choice, including its limitations and its impact on the geographical assignment conceptual foundations of choice! Were initially affected by the order N1662-p of the following leukocyte is not matched... Depending on how the health system, see the recent Russian HIT of European Observatory health systems and policiesPopovich al! Search for specialists health providers in Russia patient choice in the Russian (!, including its limitations and its impact on the Fundamentals of health Protection in Russian!

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